1*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 3*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 4*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 5*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<!--*********************************************************** 6*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * 7*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one 8*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file 9*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * distributed with this work for additional information 10*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file 11*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the 12*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance 13*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at 14*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * 15*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 16*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * 17*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, 18*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * software distributed under the License is distributed on an 19*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY 20*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the 21*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * specific language governing permissions and limitations 22*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * under the License. 23*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski * 24*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski ***********************************************************--> 25*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 26*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 27*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 28*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski 29*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski <helpdocument version="1.0"> 30*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<meta> 31*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<topic id="textsmathguidelimitsxml" indexer="include" status="PUBLISH"> 32*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<title id="tit" xml-lang="en-US">Working with Limits</title> 33*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<filename>/text/smath/guide/limits.xhp</filename> 34*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</topic> 35*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</meta> 36*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<body> 37*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<bookmark xml-lang="en-US" branch="index" id="bm_id8404492"><bookmark_value>limits;in sums/integrals</bookmark_value> 38*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<bookmark_value>integral limits</bookmark_value> 39*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</bookmark> 40*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="heading" id="hd_id1892147" xml-lang="en-US" level="1" l10n="NEW"><variable id="limits"><link href="text/smath/guide/limits.xhp">Working with Limits</link> 41*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</variable></paragraph> 42*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="heading" id="hd_id9881893" xml-lang="en-US" level="3" l10n="NEW">How can I define the limits in a Sum or Integral formula?<comment>i83226</comment></paragraph> 43*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id6504409" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">You want to insert a summation formula like "summation of s^k from k = 0 to n" at the cursor in a Writer text document.</paragraph> 44*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<list type="ordered"> 45*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 46*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id8811304" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Choose <item type="menuitem">Insert - Object - Formula</item>.</paragraph> 47*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id1276589" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">You see the Math input window and the Elements window. If you don't see the Elements window, you can enable it in the View menu.</paragraph> 48*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 49*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 50*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id3283791" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the upper part of the Elements window, click the <emph>Operators</emph> icon.</paragraph> 51*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 52*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 53*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id9734794" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the lower part of the Elements window, click the <emph>Sum</emph> icon.</paragraph> 54*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 55*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 56*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id9641712" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">To enable lower and upper limits, click additionally the <emph>Upper and Lower Limits</emph> icon.</paragraph> 57*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 58*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 59*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id3304239" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the input window, the first placeholder or marker is selected, and you can start to enter the lower limit: </paragraph> 60*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="code" id="par_id8679158" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">k = 0</paragraph> 61*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 62*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 63*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id8471327" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Press F4 to advance to the next marker, and enter the upper limit:</paragraph> 64*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="code" id="par_id4731894" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">n</paragraph> 65*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 66*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 67*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id759300" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Press F4 to advance to the next marker, and enter the summand:</paragraph> 68*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="code" id="par_id651875" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">s^k</paragraph> 69*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 70*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 71*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id6756187" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Now the formula is complete. Click into your text document outside the formula to leave the formula editor.</paragraph> 72*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 73*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</list> 74*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id9406414" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">In the same way, you can enter an Integral formula with limits. When you click an icon from the Elements window, the assigned text command is inserted in the input window. If you know the text commands, you can enter the commands directly in the input window.</paragraph> 75*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<list type="ordered"> 76*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 77*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id5866267" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Choose <item type="menuitem">Insert - Object - Formula</item>.</paragraph> 78*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 79*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<listitem> 80*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id1965697" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">Click in the input window and enter the following line:</paragraph> 81*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="code" id="par_id9004486" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">int from{a} to{b} f(x)`dx</paragraph> 82*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id4651020" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">A small gap exists between f(x) and dx, which you can also enter using the Elements window: click the <emph>Format</emph> icon, then the <emph>Small Gap</emph> icon.</paragraph> 83*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</listitem> 84*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</list> 85*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="note" id="par_id3877071" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">If you don't like the font of the letters f and x, choose <item type="menuitem">Format - Fonts</item> and select other fonts. Click the <emph>Default</emph> button to use the new fonts as default from now on.</paragraph> 86*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="tip" id="par_id3021332" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW">If you need the formula within a line of text, the limits increase the line height. You can choose <item type="menuitem">Format - Text Mode</item> to place the limits besides the Sum or Integral symbol, which reduces the line height.</paragraph> 87*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<embed href="text/shared/00/00000004.xhp#related"/> 88*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski<paragraph role="paragraph" id="par_id260322" xml-lang="en-US" l10n="NEW"><link href="text/smath/01/03090909.xhp">Example of Integral and Sum ranges</link></paragraph> 89*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</body> 90*b1cdbd2cSJim Jagielski</helpdocument> 91